The Vehicle Credentials Vocabulary is designed to help organize and share information about vehicles and their ownership. It includes terms and definitions that describe different aspects of vehicles, such as their specifications, registration details, insurance information, and ownership information. This vocabulary is useful for anyone involved with digital credentials related to vehicles, whether they are car owners, dealerships, or government agencies.

Alternate versions of the vocabulary definition exist in Turtle and JSON-LD.

This is an experimental vocabulary. Its contents and associated files such as contexts are subject to change.

Introduction

Introduction to the Verifiable Vehicle Credentials Vocabulary

The Verifiable Vehicle Credentials Vocabulary provides a clear way to describe important information about vehicles and their ownership. This vocabulary simplifies communication about vehicles by ensuring everyone uses the same terms and definitions. By having a common language, misunderstandings can be reduced when sharing information about vehicles.

This vocabulary is beneficial for many reasons. It allows for consistent data sharing between different parties involved in the vehicle industry. Whether it's a car manufacturer, dealership, insurance company, or government agency, everyone can have a shared understanding. This improves efficiency and helps to streamline processes, making it easier to handle vehicle credentials quickly and accurately.

Various market verticals can benefit from using the Vehicle Credentials Vocabulary. Automotive manufacturers can standardize their vehicle specifications, while dealerships can provide better information to potential buyers. Insurance companies can use the vocabulary to assess risk and evaluate policies based on clear vehicle data. Additionally, government agencies can improve their record-keeping and make vehicle information more accessible to the public.

Use cases for the vocabulary include vehicle registration, tracking ownership changes, and sharing technical specifications between manufacturers and dealerships. It is also valuable in managing insurance claims and assessing vehicle values. The vocabulary meets the requirements of being comprehensive and adaptable, which means it can evolve along with changes in the vehicle industry.

In summary, the Vehicle Credentials Vocabulary is a powerful tool that brings clarity and consistency to the vehicle industry. By facilitating better communication and data sharing, this vocabulary can help a wide range of businesses and organizations work more effectively together. It sets the stage for improved operations and better customer experiences throughout the vehicle lifecycle.

Namespaces

This specification makes use of the following namespaces:

vvc
https://w3id.org/vvc#
schema
https://schema.org/
dc
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
vs
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
schema
http://schema.org/
jsonld
http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#

@context files

The following @context files make use of the terms defined in this specification:

Examples

In this section we give examples of the types of credentials that can be expressed with the Verifiable Vehicle Credentials vocabulary.

Vehicle Title Example

    {
      "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
        "https://w3id.org/vvc/v1rc5"
      ],
      "type": [
        "VerifiableCredential",
        "VehicleTitleCredential"
      ],
      "issuer": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example",
      "validFrom": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z",
      "credentialStatus": {
        "id": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3#94567",
        "type": "BitstringStatusListEntry",
        "statusPurpose": "revocation",
        "statusListIndex": "94567",
        "statusListCredential": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3"
      },
      "credentialSubject": {
        "type": "VehicleTitle",
        "vehicleIdentificationNumber": "4Y1SL65848Z411439",
        "manufacturer": {
          "type": "Organization",
          "name": "Honda"
        },
        "make": "Honda",
        "makeCode": "HOND",
        "model": "Accord",
        "bodyType": "4H",
        "numberOfAxles": 2,
        "numberOfCylinders": 4,
        "vehicleTypeCode": "15",
        "weight": {
          "type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "value": "3000",
          "unitCode": "LBR"
        },
        "vehicleModelDate": "1990",
        "fuelType": "G",
        "motivePower": "Gasoline",
        "isInsured": true,
        "purchaseDate": "2020-02-01",
        "firstSold": {
          "type": "FirstSaleInformation",
          "class": "AA",
          "year": "2020",
          "month": "BB"
        },
        "odometerReading": {
          "type": "Observation",
          "observationDate": "2020-02-01",
          "variableMeasured": "Odometer Mileage",
          "value": "100000",
          // The unitCode value below is a UN/CEFACT Common Code.
          "unitCode": "1M",
          "description": "ODOMETER IS NOT THE ACTUAL MILEAGE"
        },
        "owner": [
          {
            "type": "Person",
            "name": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR",
            "address": {
              "type": "PostalAddress",
              "streetAddress": "123 LEMON AVE",
              "addressLocality": "UTOPOLIS",
              "addressRegion": "UTOPIA",
              "postalCode": "12345"
            },
            "hasCertification": {
              "type": "Certification",
              "about": "Driver's License Number",
              "certificationIdentification": "542426814"
            },
            "description": "Primary Owner"
          },
          {
            "type": "Person",
            "name": "USEDCAR ENTHUSIAST",
            "hasCertification": {
              "type": "Certification",
              "about": "Driver's License Number",
              "certificationIdentification": "789245168"
            } 
          }
        ],
        "ownerSaleRequirements": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR AND USEDCAR ENTHUSIAST",
        "feesPaid": {
          "type": "MonetaryAmount",
          "currency": "USD",
          "value": "100"
        },
        "titleNumber": "20240201",
        "jurisdiction": "CA",
        "titleIssueDate": "2024-02-01",
        "licensePlateIdentifier": "ABC1234",
        "equipmentTrustNumber": "12345678",
        "lienholder": [
          {
            "type": "Organization",
            "name": "USEDCAR LIENHOLDER",
            "address": {
              "type": "PostalAddress",
              "streetAddress": "456 LEMON AVE",
              "addressLocality": "UTOPOLIS",
              "addressRegion": "UTOPIA",
              "postalCode": "12345"
            }
          }
        ],
        "lienholderReleaseDate": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "controlNumber": "12345678",
        "description": "OFF HIGHWAY",
        "branding": "Original Taxi"
      },
      "proof": {
        "type": "DataIntegrityProof",
        "cryptosuite": "ecdsa-rdfc-2019",
        "verificationMethod": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example#key-1",
        "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
        "proofValue": "z4peo48uwK2EF4Fta8P...HzQMDYJ34r9gL"
      }
    }

Vehicle Registration Example

    {
      "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
        "https://w3id.org/vvc/v1rc5"
      ],
      "type": [
        "VerifiableCredential",
        "VehicleRegistrationCredential"
      ],
      "issuer": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example",
      "validFrom": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z",
      "validUntil": "2025-02-01T00:00:00Z",
      "credentialStatus": {
        "id": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3#94567",
        "type": "BitstringStatusListEntry",
        "statusPurpose": "revocation",
        "statusListIndex": "94567",
        "statusListCredential": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3"
      },
      "credentialSubject": {
        "type": "VehicleRegistration",
        "vehicleIdentificationNumber": "4Y1SL65848Z411439",
        "manufacturer": {
          "type": "Organization",
          "name": "Honda"
        },
        "make": "Honda",
        "makeCode": "HOND",
        "model": "Accord",
        "bodyType": "4H",
        "numberOfAxles": 2,
        "numberOfCylinders": 4,
        "weight": {
          "type": "QuantitativeValue",
          "value": "3000",
          "unitCode": "LBR"
        },
        "vehicleModelDate": "1990-01-01",
        "fuelType": "G",
        "motivePower": "Gasoline",
        "isInsured": true,
        "purchaseDate": "2020-02-01",
        "owner": [
          {
            "type": "Person",
            "name": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR",
            "address": {
              "type": "PostalAddress",
              "streetAddress": "123 LEMON AVE",
              "addressLocality": "UTOPOLIS",
              "addressRegion": "UTOPIA",
              "postalCode": "12345"
            },
            "hasCertification": {
              "type": "Certification",
              "about": "Driver's License Number",
              "certificationIdentification": "542426814"
            }
          }
        ],
        "registeringOrganization": {
          "type": "Organization",
          "name": "UTOPIA DMV"
        },
        "feesPaid": {
          "type": "MonetaryAmount",
          "currency": "USD",
          "value": "100"
        },
        "registrationIssueDate": "2024-01-31T00:00:00Z",
        "registrationStartDate": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "registrationExpirationDate": "2025-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "licensePlateIdentifier": "ABC1234",
        "licenseTypeCode": "11",
        "vlfClass": "FT",
        "feeBasisYear": "2024",
        "vehicleTypeCode": "15"
      },
      "proof": {
        "type": "DataIntegrityProof",
        "cryptosuite": "ecdsa-rdfc-2019",
        "verificationMethod": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example#key-1",
        "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
        "proofValue": "z4peo48uwK2EF4Fta8P...HzQMDYJ34r5pd"
      }
    }

Vehicle Insurance Example

    {
      "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/ns/credentials/v2",
        "https://w3id.org/vvc/v1rc5"
      ],
      "type": [
        "VerifiableCredential",
        "VehicleInsuranceCredential"
      ],
      "issuer": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example",
      "validFrom": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
      "validUntil": "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
      "credentialStatus": {
        "id": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3#94567",
        "type": "BitstringStatusListEntry",
        "statusPurpose": "revocation",
        "statusListIndex": "94567",
        "statusListCredential": "https://example.gov/utopiadmv/credentials/status/3"
      },
      "credentialSubject": {
        "type": "VehicleInsuranceInformation",
        "vehicleIdentificationNumber": "4Y1SL65848Z411439",
        "manufacturer": {
          "type": "Organization",
          "name": "Honda"
        },
        "make": "Honda",
        "makeCode": "HOND",
        "model": "Accord",
        "owner": [
          {
            "type": "Person",
            "name": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR",
            "address": {
              "type": "PostalAddress",
              "streetAddress": "123 LEMON AVE",
              "addressLocality": "UTOPOLIS",
              "addressRegion": "UTOPIA",
              "postalCode": "12345"
            }
          }
        ],
        "policyNumber": "CI12345000",
        "policyHolder": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR",
        "namedInsured": {
          "type": "Person",
          "name": "USEDCAR COLLECTOR"
        },
        "insuredAddress": {
          "type": "PostalAddress",
          "streetAddress": "123 LEMON AVE",
          "addressLocality": "UTOPOLIS",
          "addressRegion": "UTOPIA",
          "postalCode": "12345"
        },
        "insuranceProvider": {
          "type": "Organization",
          "name": "UTOPIA AUTO INSURANCE"
        },
        "insurerCode": "UT-001",
        "naicNumber": "12345",
        "jurisdictionValidity": "US-CA",
        "minimumLegalCoverageConfirmed": true,
        "policyStartDate": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "policyEndDate": "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "coverageAmount": {
          "type": "MonetaryAmount",
          "currency": "USD",
          "value": "1000000"
        },
        "coverageLimit": {
          "type": "CoverageLimit",
          "coverageType": "bodilyInjury",
          "coverageLimitPerPerson": {
            "type": "MonetaryAmount",
            "currency": "USD",
            "value": "100000"
          },
          "coverageLimitPerAccident": {
            "type": "MonetaryAmount",
            "currency": "USD",
            "value": "300000"
          }
        },
        "licensePlateIdentifier": "ABC1234"
      },
      "proof": {
        "type": "DataIntegrityProof",
        "cryptosuite": "ecdsa-rdfc-2019",
        "verificationMethod": "did:web:dmv.utopia.example#key-1",
        "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
        "proofValue": "z4peo48uwK2EF4Fta8P...HzQMDYJ34rm80"
      }
    }

Term definitions

Property definitions

The following are property definitions in the vvc namespace.

about

About

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:about), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

address

Address

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:address), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

addressLocality

Address Locality

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:addressLocality), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

addressRegion

Address Region

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:addressRegion), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

bodyType

Body Type

The Body Type property specifies the classification of a vehicle based on its physical design characteristics, such as sedan, coupe, SUV, or truck. This property is useful for vehicle identification, regulatory purposes, and consumer preferences.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

brand

Brand

The Brand property identifies the name of the brand associated with the vehicle, typically linked to the manufacturer. This property is vital for branding, marketing, and consumer identification purposes, helping customers recognize and select vehicles based on brand reputation.
stable
Range:
Organization
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

branding

Branding

One or more descriptive title brand labels, consistent with AAMVA terminology, such as 'Clear', 'Salvage', or 'Original Taxi'. These labels describe the vehicle's status, condition, or history and may affect ownership, insurance, or transferability.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

certificationIdentification

Certification Identification

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:certificationIdentification), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

controlNumber

Control Number

The Control Number is a unique identifier assigned to a vehicle or related documentation for tracking and management purposes. This property helps in organizing records, facilitating audits, and ensuring that all vehicle credentials can be accurately referenced.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

coverageAmount

Coverage Amount

The Coverage Amount property specifies the maximum sum that an insurance policy will pay in the event of a claim. This information is crucial for understanding the financial protection offered by the policy.
stable
Range:
MonetaryAmount
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

coverageLimit

Coverage Limit

Links to one or more CoverageLimit instances, each describing a distinct coverage type and its per-person and/or per-accident monetary limits. Use in place of the single-valued vvc:coverageAmount when per-type regulatory breakdowns are required.
stable
Range:
CoverageLimit
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

coverageLimitPerAccident

Coverage Limit Per Accident

Maximum amount payable for all claims from a single accident. Applies to bodily injury (aggregate) and property damage. US state BI per-accident minimums range from $30,000 to $100,000; PD from $5,000 to $25,000. Canadian minimum third-party liability is CAD $200,000 in most provinces (CAD $500,000 NS; CAD $50,000 private portion QC). EU directive floor: €6,450,000 BI per accident; €1,300,000 PD per accident.
stable
Range:
MonetaryAmount
Domain:
CoverageLimit
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

coverageLimitPerPerson

Coverage Limit Per Person

Maximum amount payable for a single injured person in one accident. Applies primarily to bodily injury liability. Expressed as a schema:MonetaryAmount with schema:value and schema:currency (ISO 4217). US state minimums range from $15,000 (LA, PA) to $50,000 (AK, ME, MI, NC, VA). EU directive floor: €1,300,000 per victim.
stable
Range:
MonetaryAmount
Domain:
CoverageLimit
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

coverageType

Coverage Type

Code identifying the category of coverage for this CoverageLimit. Allowed values: "bodilyInjury" (BI; required in all US states except NH no-mandate and FL PIP-only; all Canadian provinces; all EU member states), "propertyDamage" (PD; required US/Canada/EU), "personalInjuryProtection" (PIP; mandatory in US no-fault states: DE, FL, HI, KS, KY, MA, MI, MN, NJ, NY, ND, OR, UT), "medicalPayments" (MedPay; required ME, NH, PA), "uninsuredMotorist" (UM; required ~22 US states), "underinsuredMotorist" (UIM), "accidentBenefits" (Canadian SABS; required most provinces), "directCompensationPropertyDamage" (DCPD; required AB, NB, NL, NS, ON, PE, QC), "civilLiability" (EU/CA general BI+PD term).
stable
Domain:
CoverageLimit
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

currency

Currency

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:currency), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

description

Description

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:description), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

equipmentTrustNumber

Equipment Trust Number

The Equipment Trust Number is a unique identifier associated with the financing or leasing trust of a piece of equipment. This property is used to track and manage ownership and financial agreements related to the equipment, ensuring clarity in financial transactions and responsibilities.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

feeBasisYear

Fee Basis Year

The year used with the VLF class to determine the Vehicle License Fee and its depreciation schedule. It is usually assigned when ownership changes, a nonresident purchases the vehicle, or an alteration places the vehicle in a different VLF class.
stable
Range:
xsd:gYear
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

feesPaid

Fees Paid

The feesPaid property denotes the fees paid as part of the transaction, registration, insurance, or other event represented by a credential.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

firstSold

First Sold

The Purchase Date specifies the date on which a vehicle was acquired by the owner. This property is important for tracking ownership history, determining warranty eligibility, and assessing vehicle depreciation over time.
stable
Range:
FirstSaleInformation
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

fuelType

Fuel Type

The Fuel Type property indicates the kind of fuel that a vehicle utilizes for operation, such as gasoline, diesel, electric, or hybrid. This information is crucial for consumers' energy choices, regulatory adherence, and environmental considerations.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

hasCertification

Has Certification

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:hasCertification), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

insuranceProvider

Insurance Provider

The Insurance Provider property identifies the company or organization that issues the insurance policy for the vehicle. This property is essential for managing policy details, facilitating claims processing, and ensuring compliance with insurance requirements.
stable
Range:
Organization
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

insuredAddress

Insured Address

The mailing address of the named insured as it appears on the policy. Required on most US insurance ID cards and Canadian pink slips. In the EU Green Card context this appears in Box 7 alongside the policyholder name.
stable
Range:
PostalAddress
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

insurerCode

Insurer Code

The bureau or insurer code identifying the issuing insurance undertaking within the Green Card System (Council of Bureaux). Appears in Box 4 of the International Motor Insurance Certificate; the country prefix must match Box 1 and the insurer name in Box 8. Analogous to naicNumber in the US context.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

isInsured

Is Insured

The isInsured property indicates whether the vehicle in question is covered under an insurance policy.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

issuingBureau

Issuing Bureau

The national Green Card bureau responsible for issuing or countersigning the International Motor Insurance Certificate. Relevant for cross-border travel to non-EEA countries such as Turkey, Ukraine, Moldova, Switzerland, and Andorra, where the physical Green Card is required.
stable
Range:
Organization
Domain:
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

jurisdiction

Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction that issued the vehicle's title. This property provides the jurisdictional context for interpreting titleNumber and verifying the title record.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

jurisdictionValidity

Jurisdiction Validity

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code or ISO 3166-2 subdivision code identifying a jurisdiction where this coverage is legally valid (e.g. "US-CA" for California, "CA-ON" for Ontario, "FR" for France). Multiple values indicate multi-jurisdiction coverage. For EU Green Card purposes maps to the countries listed in Box 6; EEA member states are represented as a single grouped block.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

licensePlateIdentifier

License Plate Identifier

The License Plate Identifier is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to a vehicle's license plate. This property is used to identify the vehicle on public roads and in legal documentation, aiding in tracking ownership, registration, and compliance with local regulations.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

licenseTypeCode

License Type Code

A jurisdiction-specific code assigned by a vehicle registration authority to identify the type of license or registration associated with a vehicle or vessel. This is distinct from a vehicle type code, which classifies the vehicle itself.
stable
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

lienholder

Lienholder

The Lienholder property identifies the individual or organization that has a legal claim or interest in a vehicle due to a loan or other financial obligation. This property is crucial for understanding any existing liens on the vehicle, which may affect ownership rights and transferability.
stable
Range:
Intersection of:
Person
Organization
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

lienholderReleaseDate

Lienholder Release Date

The Lienholder Release Date indicates the date on which a lienholder formally relinquishes their claim on a vehicle. This property is important for documenting the resolution of a lien and allowing for the clear transfer of ownership without encumbrances.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

make

Make

A name that a manufacturer applies to a group of vehicles or engines.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

makeCode

Make Code

The code a registration authority holds for the vehicle's make, as distinct from the make's trade name. In North America this is the four-character NCIC make code published by the FBI and administered for jurisdictions by AAMVA; it is the make value exchanged between vehicle registries and law enforcement, and it is the make field of record on a Canadian registration. A credential that carries only a trade name cannot be matched against a registry record without a lookup that the issuer has already performed.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

manufacturer

Manufacturer

The Manufacturer property identifies the organization responsible for producing the vehicle. This property is important for tracking the source of the vehicle, compliance with regulatory standards, and addressing any manufacturer recalls or warranties.
stable
Range:
Organization
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

minimumLegalCoverageConfirmed

Minimum Legal Coverage Confirmed

Boolean indicating the insurer certifies that the policy meets or exceeds the minimum compulsory insurance required by the jurisdiction(s) in jurisdictionValidity. Corresponds to the "indication of compulsory insurance cover" required on EU certificates under Directive 2009/103/EC Article 16, and the implied attestation on US ID cards and Canadian pink slips.
stable
Range:
xsd:boolean
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

model

Model

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:model), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

motivePower

Motive Power

The motivePower property allows expression of a vehicle's propulsion mechanism.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

motorcycleEngineNumber

Motorcycle Engine Number

The Motorcycle Engine Number is a unique identifier assigned to the engine of a motorcycle. This property is essential for tracking engine specifications, verifying identity, and facilitating compliance with regulatory requirements regarding vehicle identification.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

naicNumber

NAIC Number

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners company code uniquely identifying the insurance carrier. Required on US insurance ID cards. Analogous to the EU Green Card insurer code (see insurerCode).
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

name

Name

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:name), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

namedInsured

Named Insured

The individual or legal entity explicitly named on the policy as the primary insured party. Required on US insurance ID cards, Canadian pink slips, and EU motor insurance certificates. Distinct from vvc:owner (registered owner) and vvc:policyHolder (contracting party) when these differ.
stable
Range:
Intersection of:
Person
Organization
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
ProofOfInsuranceCredential
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

numberOfAxles

Number of Axles

The Number of Axles property specifies the total count of axles on a vehicle. This information is important for regulatory compliance, vehicle classification, and determining weight restrictions for transportation purposes.
stable
Range:
xsd:integer
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

numberOfCylinders

Number of Cylinders

The numberOfCylinders property denotes the number of cylinders in a vehicle's engine, if applicable.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

observationDate

Observation Date

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:observationDate), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

odometerReading

Odometer Reading

The Odometer Reading represents the total distance traveled by a vehicle as recorded by the vehicle's odometer. This property is useful for assessing the vehicle's usage, maintenance needs, and overall value in relation to age and condition.
stable
Range:
Observation
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

owner

Owner

The Owner property identifies the individual or organization that possesses legal rights to a vehicle. This property can be used to associate a vehicle with a person's name or an organization's entity, providing clear ownership information for registration and legal purposes.
stable
Range:
Intersection of:
Person
Organization
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

ownerSaleRequirements

Owner Sale Requirements

A detailed description of the conditions and requirements that a vehicle owner must fulfill to sell their vehicle. This may include documentation needed, compliance with legal regulations, and any restrictions or obligations associated with the sale, ensuring a lawful and smooth transfer of ownership.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

policyEndDate

Policy End Date

The Policy End Date specifies the date on which the insurance coverage expires. This property is important for tracking the need for policy renewal and ensuring continuous insurance coverage for the vehicle.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

policyHolder

Policy Holder

The Policy Holder is the person or organization that holds the policy in question.
stable
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

policyNumber

Policy Number

The Policy Number property refers to the unique identifier assigned to an insurance policy covering a vehicle. This property is essential for managing insurance details, facilitating claims processing, and ensuring compliance with mandatory insurance requirements.
stable
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

policyStartDate

Policy Start Date

The Policy Start Date indicates the date when the insurance coverage begins. This property is crucial for understanding the validity period of the policy and ensuring the vehicle is insured continuously.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

postalCode

Postal Code

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:postalCode), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

provenanceResource

Provenance Resource

A reference to the source or origin of information regarding a vehicle's history, ownership, and other relevant details. This property may contain links to documents, records, or databases that provide verification of the vehicle's lineage and legal standing, ensuring transparency and trust in vehicle-related transactions.

The property's value should be a URL, i.e., not a literal.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

purchaseDate

Purchase Date

The Purchase Date specifies the date on which a vehicle was acquired by the owner. This property is important for tracking ownership history, determining warranty eligibility, and assessing vehicle depreciation over time.
stable
Range:
xsd:date
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

registeringOrganization

Registering Organization

The Registering Organization property identifies the company or governmental entity responsible for the registration of the vehicle. This property is essential for verifying the legitimacy of the registration and for facilitating communication regarding registration matters.
stable
Range:
Organization
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

registrationExpirationDate

Registration Expiration Date

The Registration Expiration Date indicates the date on which the vehicle registration will become invalid unless renewed. This property is critical for ensuring compliance with registration requirements and avoiding penalties for operating an unregistered vehicle.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

registrationIssueDate

Registration Issue Date

The Registration Issue Date indicates the date on which the vehicle registration was processed.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

registrationStartDate

Registration Start Date

The Registration Start Date indicates when the vehicle's registration became effective. This property is important for tracking the registration timeline and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

streetAddress

Street Address

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:streetAddress), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

titleIssueDate

Title Issue Date

The date and time when the vehicle title was officially issued by the governing authority. This property records the moment the ownership of the vehicle was formally recognized and documented, serving as an important reference for ownership history and transactions.
stable
Range:
xsd:dateTime
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

titleNumber

Title Number

The identifier used by the issuing jurisdiction to reference a vehicle's title. Its format is determined by that jurisdiction and may be derived from the title issue date.
stable
Domain:
VehicleTitle
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

unitCode

Unit Code

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:unitCode), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

value

Value

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:value), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

variableMeasured

Variable Measured

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:variableMeasured), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Relevant @context:
vocab

vehicleIdentificationNumber

Vehicle Identification Number

A unique identifier assigned to a vehicle, commonly known as the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). This number is used to track the vehicle's history, including ownership, registration, and insurance details. It is essential for verifying the vehicle's identity and is included in various official documents.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

vehicleModelDate

Vehicle Model Date

The Vehicle Model Date specifies the date associated with the specific model of a vehicle, indicating when the model was introduced or last updated. This property is important for understanding the model's manufacturing history, compliance with safety recalls, and assessing vehicle value.
stable
Range:
xsd:date
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

vehicleTypeCode

Vehicle Type Code

The vehicleTypeCode property allows general expression of a vehicle's type classification.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

vesselType

Vessel Type

The vesselType property allows expression of a watercraft's type classification.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

vlfClass

VLF Class

A code identifying the vehicle value range used to determine a Vehicle License Fee (VLF).
stable
Domain:
VehicleRegistration
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

weight

Weight

The Weight property indicates the mass of a vehicle, typically measured in kilograms or pounds. This information is crucial for compliance with transportation regulations, assessing performance metrics, and determining towing capacities.
stable
Range:
QuantitativeValue
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

weightClass

Weight Class

The weightClass property allows general expression of a vehicle's weight classification.
stable
Domain:
Union of:
VehicleTitle
VehicleRegistration
VehicleInsuranceInformation
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

Class definitions

The following are class definitions in the vvc namespace.

Certification

Certification

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:Certification), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Domain of:
about, certificationIdentification
Relevant @context:
vocab

CoverageLimit

Coverage Limit

A structured representation of a single insurance coverage type and its monetary limits. A ProofOfInsuranceCredential references one or more CoverageLimit instances — one per required coverage type (e.g. bodily injury, property damage, PIP, uninsured motorist). Each carries a coverageType code and per-person and/or per-accident monetary amounts.
stable
Range of:
coverageLimit
Domain of:
coverageLimitPerAccident, coverageLimitPerPerson, coverageType
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

FirstSaleInformation

First Sale Information

First Sale Information refers to the details regarding the initial sale or transfer of ownership of a vehicle. This class encompasses data such as the sale date, selling party, and purchasing party, which are vital for documenting the vehicle's ownership history.
stable
Range of:
firstSold
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

MonetaryAmount

Monetary Amount

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:MonetaryAmount), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Range of:
coverageAmount, coverageLimitPerAccident, coverageLimitPerPerson
Domain of:
currency
In the domain of:
value
Relevant @context:
vocab

Observation

Observation

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:Observation), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Range of:
odometerReading
Domain of:
observationDate, variableMeasured
In the domain of:
description, unitCode, value
Relevant @context:
vocab

Organization

Organization

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:Organization), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Range of:
brand, insuranceProvider, issuingBureau, manufacturer, registeringOrganization
Includes the range of:
lienholder, namedInsured, owner
In the domain of:
address, description, hasCertification, name
Relevant @context:
vocab

Person

Person

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:Person), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Includes the range of:
lienholder, namedInsured, owner
In the domain of:
address, description, hasCertification, name
Relevant @context:
vocab

PostalAddress

Postal Address

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:PostalAddress), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Range of:
insuredAddress
Domain of:
addressLocality, addressRegion, postalCode, streetAddress
Relevant @context:
vocab

ProofOfInsuranceCredential

Proof of Insurance Credential

A Verifiable Credential serving as legally recognized evidence that a vehicle carries the minimum compulsory third-party liability coverage required by the jurisdiction of operation. Equivalent to the insurance ID card (US), pink slip (Canada), national insurance certificate (EU), and International Motor Insurance Certificate / Green Card (EU cross-border). Extends VehicleInsuranceCredential with structured per-type coverage limits and jurisdiction validity fields.
stable
Domain of:
issuingBureau
In the domain of:
coverageLimit, insuredAddress, insurerCode, jurisdictionValidity, minimumLegalCoverageConfirmed, naicNumber, namedInsured
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

QuantitativeValue

Quantitative Value

See also the formal definition of the term.

This term is formally defined in another vocabulary (as schema:QuantitativeValue), but is frequently used with this vocabulary and has been included to aid readability of this document.

Range of:
weight
In the domain of:
unitCode, value
Relevant @context:
vocab

VehicleInsuranceCredential

Vehicle Insurance Credential

A document that provides evidence of insurance coverage for a vehicle. This credential includes information such as the insurance policy number, the name of the insurance provider, coverage details, and the effective dates of the policy.
stable
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

VehicleInsuranceInformation

Vehicle Insurance Information

Vehicle Insurance Information refers to the details regarding the insurance coverage for a vehicle, including policy numbers, insurance provider, and validity periods. This class ensures that relevant insurance data is linked with the vehicle for regulatory and risk management purposes.
stable
Domain of:
coverageAmount, insuranceProvider, policyEndDate, policyHolder, policyNumber, policyStartDate
In the domain of:
bodyType, brand, coverageLimit, insuredAddress, insurerCode, jurisdictionValidity, licensePlateIdentifier, lienholder, lienholderReleaseDate, make, makeCode, manufacturer, minimumLegalCoverageConfirmed, model, naicNumber, namedInsured, numberOfAxles, numberOfCylinders, odometerReading, owner, provenanceResource, vehicleIdentificationNumber, vehicleModelDate, vehicleTypeCode, vesselType, weight, weightClass
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

VehicleRegistration

Vehicle Registration

A Vehicle Registration represents the official record of a vehicle's registration with a government authority. This class includes details such as the registration number, date of registration, and the name of the registered owner, as well as any pertinent registration status or expiration information.
stable
Domain of:
feeBasisYear, licenseTypeCode, registeringOrganization, registrationExpirationDate, registrationIssueDate, registrationStartDate, vlfClass
In the domain of:
bodyType, brand, feesPaid, fuelType, isInsured, licensePlateIdentifier, lienholder, lienholderReleaseDate, make, makeCode, manufacturer, model, motivePower, numberOfAxles, numberOfCylinders, odometerReading, owner, provenanceResource, purchaseDate, vehicleIdentificationNumber, vehicleModelDate, vehicleTypeCode, vesselType, weight, weightClass
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

VehicleRegistrationCredential

Vehicle Registration Credential

A document that verifies a vehicle's registration with a governmental authority. This credential includes details such as the vehicle identification number (VIN), registration number, the owner's information, and the registration's validity period. It serves as proof that the vehicle has been registered and is allowed to operate on public roads.
stable
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

VehicleTitle

Vehicle Title

A Vehicle Title represents the legal document that establishes a person's or entity's ownership of a vehicle. This class includes information such as the title number, date of issue, and any relevant liens or encumbrances associated with the vehicle.
stable
Domain of:
branding, controlNumber, equipmentTrustNumber, firstSold, jurisdiction, motorcycleEngineNumber, ownerSaleRequirements, titleIssueDate, titleNumber
In the domain of:
bodyType, brand, feesPaid, fuelType, isInsured, licensePlateIdentifier, lienholder, lienholderReleaseDate, make, makeCode, manufacturer, model, motivePower, numberOfAxles, numberOfCylinders, odometerReading, owner, provenanceResource, purchaseDate, vehicleIdentificationNumber, vehicleModelDate, vehicleTypeCode, vesselType, weight, weightClass
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

VehicleTitleCredential

Vehicle Title Credential

A document that establishes ownership of a vehicle. This credential is issued by the appropriate authority and contains important information including the vehicle identification number (VIN), the owner's name, and any liens against the vehicle. It is used in various legal and financial transactions involving the vehicle.
stable
Relevant @context:
https://w3id.org/vvc

Revision History

Previously published versions of the Verifiable Vehicle Credentials JSON-LD context: